1. The Clamshell thoracotomy involves an incision extending across the entire anterior chest (mirroring the one made for the usual left anterolateral thoracotomy)

2. Esophagectomy without thoracotomy is performed by an abdomino-cervical blunt dissection.

3. The abdomino-thoracoscopic oesophagectomy aims to avoid thoracotomy within the scope of treatment of the T1/T2 oesophageal carcinoma in intrabifurcal position.